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Allowed VHF frequencies for radio amateurs their purpose

I often get questions from hams about frequency assignments on the VHF band. The fact is that the number of frequencies is limited and some of them are reserved for certain types of connections. Also, part of the frequencies are allocated for the needs of creating repeaters. For this reason, novice radio amateurs are afraid to take a specialized frequency and get hit on the ears. In order not to often answer these questions, I will give a table for the VHF band.

The band 144 to 146 MHz is allocated to the amateur radio service on a primary basis. Radio amateurs of the fourth category have the right to operate at these frequencies with a power of 5 W, the second and third at 10 W, and the first category at 50 W (for EME and MC communications of the first category it is allowed to use up to 500 W).

It turns out that for direct communication in frequency modulation, frequencies from 145.206 MHz to 145.594 MHz are allocated. Grid step 12.5 kHz. This table was compiled in accordance with the decision of the SCRF dated July 22, 2014 No. 10-07-01.

The Moon is the closest celestial body to the Earth. Its radius is 1737 km, the mass is 81.3 times less than the mass of the Earth, and the average density is 3.35 g/cu. cm, i.e. one and a half times less than the density of the Earth. The length of a lunar day is 29.5 Earth days. The average distance along the Earth-Moon-Earth path is 750 thousand km; the signal is attenuated by a factor of ten, to the tenth power, and goes back and forth for 2.5 seconds.

The idea to use the Moon, the Earth's satellite, as a passive relay came a long time ago. The first reflections of radio waves from the surface of the Moon were obtained back in 1946 by scientists from Hungary and the United States, working in this direction independently of each other. The experiments used transmitters with a power of 200 kW, operating at a wavelength of about 2 meters and antennas with a gain of 400.

Great work in this direction was carried out in 1954-57 at Gorky University. For experiments, waves of 10 and 3 cm were used, the antenna directivity at a wave of 3 cm reached 120 thousand, i.e. energy was concentrated in an angle of 0.5 degrees. As a result of these experiments, the reflection coefficient of radio waves from the Moon was measured, which was approximately 0.25 - and it was found that the reflection comes from the central part visible disk Moon. The experiments on the radar of the Moon provided a real basis for the implementation of the idea of ​​using the Moon as a passive repeater.

Radio amateurs also became interested in this idea. And in July 1960, the first amateur radio connection was made in the 1296 MHz band between the American club amateur radio stations W6HB and W1BU. In 1964, the first radio contact was made in the 144 MHz band between OH1NL and W6DNG radio amateurs.

In the Soviet Union, the first amateur radio communication via the Moon was carried out on May 11, 1979 by the operators of the collective radio station UK2BAS, in the 432 MHz band. Their partner was K2UYH. Later, on January 19, 1981, the first radio communication in the 144 MHz band was carried out by a UT5DL amateur radio operator. His partner was K1WHS from Maine, which at that time had the largest antenna (24 arrows of 14 elements).

April 20, the same 1981, made his first radio contact and the author of this article (ex UB5JIN). And then it went - let's go: December 6, 1981, the first intra-union radio communication (UB5JIN and UA3TCF), January 11, 1982 - the first radio communication from the USSR on SSB - (UB5JIN and K1WHS), August 15, 1982, the first communication with Japan (UB5JIN and JA6DR), October 10 with Venezuela (UB5JIN and YV5ZZ) and so on…

Today, amateur communications are carried out through the Moon by thousands of radio amateurs from all continents of the globe in the ranges of 144, 432, 1296, 5600 MHz. Each of the ranges has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Reception on earth of signals reflected from the Moon encounters great fundamental difficulties:

The Moon moves relative to the Earth with a high angular velocity, so the reflected signal is subject to the “Doppler” effect, i.e. a wave reflected from a moving body has an oscillation frequency different from the frequency sent by the wave. This difference for the 144 MHz range reaches 427 Hz.

The Faraday effect also has a great influence on the received signal, i.e. rotation of the polarization vector of the transmitted signal, which is expressed in deep signal fading. To eliminate this effect, antennas with circular polarization are required, which are difficult to implement in the 144 MHz band due to design considerations.

Cosmic noise strongly affects the reception of meter band signals, for example: the minimum noise temperature of the celestial sphere at a frequency of 136 MHz in February 1982 was 210 degrees Kelvin or 2.35 db at the minimum points and 2750 degrees or 10.2 db at the maximum points.

Many problems are also associated with the transparency of the Earth's troposphere and ionosphere, atmospheric and local electrical noise.

The approximate attenuation on the Earth-Moon-Earth path for different ranges can be expressed in the table:

In order to overcome such attenuation, a radio amateur who wants to engage in E-M-E radio communications must make very serious equipment and antennas. Based on the attenuation on the path and the known initial data of the receiver and transmitter, it is possible to plot the antenna gain for different radio wave bands:

Graph from 1982 drafts!

At: TX = 700 watts

Rx=1db

DF = 100 Hz

As can be seen from the graph, in order to get an echo of your signal with a level of 1 db above the noise in the 144 MHz band, it is necessary that the antennas (transmitting and receiving) have a total of approximately 43 db, i.e. a good antenna for E-M-E should have a gain of at least 21.5 db. Although radio communications are possible when using antennas with lower gain, for radio communications with a K1WHS radio amateur (antenna 24 x14 and K.U. equal to 27db), it is quite enough to have an antenna with a gain of 15-16 db!

For successful E-M-E work you need to clearly know the position of the moon, the time of its rising and setting for you and your partners. The “Astronomical Calendar” (yearbook, variable part) helps a lot with this and computer programs, for example, “Orbitron”, which can be downloaded from us >> You do not have access to download files from our server

A radio amateur needs to know the periods of perigee and apogee of the Moon and the “window” to Europe, Japan, South and North America. It is necessary to know the days when the trajectory of the Moon is close to the trajectory of the Sun, because. conducting radio communication with a difference of less than 30 degrees is impossible, due to the large noise emissions from the sun.

During Lunar work, an interesting phenomenon is also observed, called the “ground effect”, i.e. at moonrise and moonset there is a noticeable increase in the level of reflected signals by 1-3 db. So, for the “KN74BX” square, a pronounced effect was observed at sunset (in this direction, the plain 40-50 km ends with the Black Sea basin), at sunrise, the “ground effect” was not observed (hilly terrain, turning into the ridge of the Crimean Mountains).

A very interesting activity when working through the Moon is to carry out echo tests. It's better to do it outside E-M-E section(144.000-144.015 MHz). A series of dots or dashes is transmitted, the combinations “BK”, “SK” are better perceived, an echo signal is received after about 2.5 seconds. It will be sideways in frequency (Doppler effect) no more than 427 Hz. The echo is not always and not always heard, it depends on the conditions. If at a given time the echo is not heard in your QTH, this does not mean that the signal is not reflected or received, for example, in Africa or America. And vice versa - you can hear your partner well, your echo, and the partner at this moment in time does not hear you. Experiments have shown that an echo with a level of 1-2 db above the noise, received from time to time, will be quite acceptable for E-M-E work.

Vasily Beketov, UU2JJ

Often in the characteristics of radio stations it is indicated as operating ranges VHF and UHF Consider what it is and what is the difference between them.

These abbreviations denote the two most common VHF communication bands.
the VHF range corresponds to the section from 136 to 174 MHz
the UHF range corresponds to the section from 400 to 512 MHz

In everyday life, radio amateurs also call these ranges "two" (VHF) and "seventies" (UHF), such names are given to these bands in accordance with the wavelength, which for VHF is about 2 meters and for UHF about 70 centimeters.

VHF- a range in which there are sections reserved for many government agencies, space communications and radio amateurs.

The main advantage of this range in comparison with UHF is a large communication range, especially outside the city. Walkie-talkies of this range work perfectly both in rural areas, in the forest, and in multi-storey buildings. The disadvantages of working in this frequency range include the lack of license-free areas, a relatively small area allocated for radio amateurs - from 144 to 146 MHz on a primary basis.

Due to the fact that these are quite low frequencies, effective antennas for this band are larger than for UHF, and in the case of walkie-talkies this is a significant problem that limits the use of VHF when working with portable radios. And of course, you can’t work on it without having a radio amateur category!

Below is a table with the frequency grid allocated for amateur radio communications. According to the decision of the SCRF dated July 22, 2014 No. 14-26-04, the range from 144 to 146 MHz is allocated to the amateur radio service on a primary basis. Radio amateurs of the 4th category have the right to operate at these frequencies with a power of not more than 5 W, the 2nd and 3rd by 10 W, and the 1st category by 50 W (for EME and MC communications of the first category it is allowed to use up to 500 W ). For voice communication with frequency modulation, frequencies from 145.206 MHz to 145.594 MHz are allocated.

UHF- is considered a range "for the city" and allows you to get a reliable connection in high-rise buildings. Ideal for establishing communication on a relatively short distances, thanks to high frequency portable radio antennas in this range are compact in size without sacrificing efficiency. But at the same time, this range is not suitable for open spaces and forests due to greater attenuation in the forest and poor ability to bend around the terrain compared to VHF.

According to the decision of the SCRF dated July 22, 2014 No. 14-26-04, the range from 430 to 440 MHz is allocated to the amateur radio service on a secondary basis. Radio amateurs of the 4th category have the right to operate at these frequencies with a power of not more than 5 W, 1st, 2nd and 3rd no more than 10 W (at frequencies from 433 MHz to 440 MHz), Also radio amateurs with 1st category is allowed to operate at 500 watts in a limited range (for EME and MC communications). At frequencies of 430.000-433.000 MHz, you can only work with a power of not more than 5 W for all categories without exception.

As can be seen from the frequency table below, there is much more free space on UHF allocated for amateur communications than on VHF, which also indirectly affects the predominant use of this range in large cities.

Also, do not forget that there are two unlicensed bands on the UHF frequency section

V. Stasenko (RA3QEJ)
Radio amateur 8/94
Radio amateur 3/95

Technical data of the radio station:

Operating frequency range, MHz - 144-146
Frequency modulation with deviation, KHz - 3
Receiver sensitivity, μV - 0.3
Transmitter output power, W - 0.7
Supply voltage, V - 12
Overall dimensions, mm 125x125x30 Weight, g - 400

The radio station is designed to operate in the amateur frequency range 144 - 146 MHz with a shift between the transmit frequency and the receive frequency of 600 kHz. The main attention in the development of this radio station was given to the simplicity of design, the absence of a scarce element base, low labor intensity during setup and good repeatability. The radio station operates on several fixed amateur band frequencies, depending on the quartz resonators available to the radio amateur. Schematic diagrams the master oscillator and the low-frequency part of the radio station are shown in fig. one.

The master oscillator is made according to the capacitive three-point circuit on a VT1 transistor of the KT368A type. Quartz resonator - at a frequency of 8 MHz is excited at the frequency of the main resonance. Inductance L* and capacitance C* are used to shift the frequency of the master oscillator in one direction or another to obtain several working channels. You can have up to seven of them in this circuit, if you set channels through 12.5 kHz in the range of 144 - 146 MHz, then the frequency shift of the master oscillator by one channel should be: 12.5 kHz: 18 = 0.694 kHz, because . the eighteenth harmonic at the operating frequency is highlighted. The master oscillator signal is allocated on the circuit L1, C6, tuned to a frequency of 8 MHz. Through pin 2 of the board, it enters the transmitter board for multiplication and amplification. Frequency modulation is carried out using a VD1 varicap of the KV109G type. The low-frequency signal is fed to the varicap through the chain R6, Ldr, C9 from the collector of the transistor VT2. The signal from the microphone, which is the TEMK-3 telephone capsule, is fed to output 4 of the board. A microphone amplifier is built on transistors VT2 and VT3 of the KT3102E type. He has no special features. On transistors VT4 of the type KT3102V, VT5 - KT503V and VT6 - KT502G, an ULF receiver was built. Resistor R12 serves as a volume control. The low-frequency signal from the receiver board comes through pin 5 of the board. The ULF load is a dynamic head B1 of type 0.25GDSH2, you can use any other head with a winding resistance of 9 - 500m. On fig. 2 shows a diagram of the transmitter of the radio station. A resistive buffer amplifier is built on a VT1 transistor of the KT368A type. The cascade on the VT2 transistor of the KT368A type works as a frequency tripler. Its load is the circuits L2, Sat and L3, C8. They are tuned to 24 MHz. The cascade on the VT3 transistor of the KT368A type is also a frequency tripler. Its circuits L4, C12 and L5, C14 are tuned to a frequency of 72 MHz. The cascade on the VT4 transistor of the KT399A type is a frequency doubler. The circuit L6, C18 is tuned to a frequency of 144 MHz. Amplifiers are built on transistors VT5 of type KT399A and VT6 of type KT610A. They operate in mode C. Their circuits are also tuned to a frequency of 144 MHz. Through pin 4 of the board, the signal from the transmitter board goes to the switch relay.

The receiving part of the radio station is shown in fig. 3. The receiver is built according to a superheterodyne circuit with a low intermediate frequency of 600 kHz.

UHF is built on transistors VT1 and VT2 of the KP303E type. Coil L11 neutralizes the through capacitance of the amplifier. The circuits L12, C6 and L13, C9 are also tuned to a frequency of 144.6 MHz. A mixer is built on a VT3 transistor of the KT399A type. The local oscillator signal is fed to it through pin 4 of the board into the emitter circuit. In its collector circuit, an IF signal with a frequency of 600 kHz is allocated. The circuits L14, C10 and L15, C15 are tuned to this frequency. Through the communication coil L16, the IF signal is fed to the DA1 chip of the K174UR 1 type, which is multifunctional and acts as an amplifier, frequency detector and preliminary ULF. The reference circuit of the frequency detector L17, C20 is tuned to a frequency of 600 kHz. From pin 5 of the board, the low-frequency signal is fed to the volume control. The connection diagram of the radio station boards is shown in fig. four.

Switch SA1 is used to switch to transmission mode. In this case, the relays K1 and K2 are activated, switching the supply voltage and the antenna. The LCB coil is used to supply the local oscillator voltage to the receiver board. It is a straight insulated wire passing near the L6 coil of the transmitter board. The MA1 microammeter serves as an indicator of the output power of the transmitter. The radio station is made on three printed circuit boards of double-sided foil fiberglass with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Winding data of inductors are given in table. one.

The body of the radio station is best made of metal with good conductivity or soldered from fiberglass with a thickness of at least 3 mm. Boards in the case are placed in one row. The front panel of the radio station contains a volume control combined with a power supply switch, an antenna connector, a channel selector, a transmit-receive switch, a microphone jack, and an output power indicator.

Setting up the radio station should begin with the master oscillator board. After applying voltage to the board, connect the RF voltmeter to point 2 of the board and adjust the circuit L1, C6 to the maximum output voltage. The number of inductances L* and capacitances C* is set according to the number of required channels. In this case, the frequency is controlled by pin 2 with a digital frequency meter. The radio station can also be made in a single-channel version. The microphone amplifier is tuned by selecting resistors R8 and R11 until an undistorted low-frequency signal is obtained at the VT2 collector. At the same time, a voltage of 5 mV and a frequency of 1 kHz is applied to output 4 of the board from the sound generator. In the ULF receiver, resistor R13 sets a voltage equal to half the voltage of the power source at the junction point of resistors R15 and R16. Then, having applied to pin 5 of the board a voltage from a sound generator of 50 mV and a frequency of 1 kHz, measure output voltage on dynamic head B1. It must be at least 1 V. This completes the board setup. Now proceed to configure the transmitter board. Before applying the supply voltage to the board, the equivalent of the antenna is soldered to pins 4 and 5 - a resistor with a resistance of 50 ohms and a power of 0.5 watts. From pin 2 of the master oscillator board, the RF voltage is applied to pin 1 of the transmitter board. An RF voltmeter and a frequency meter are connected to the VT3 base. The circuits L2, C6 and L3, C8 are tuned to a frequency of 24 MHz by rotating the cores, and the maximum output voltage is achieved. In the same way, the frequency tripler is tuned on the transistor VT3, only its circuits L4, C12 and L5, C14 are tuned to a frequency of 72 MHz, and the RF voltage is controlled on the basis of the transistor VT4. The frequency doubler circuit L6, C 18 is tuned to a frequency of 144 MHz. Then they proceed to setting up amplifiers on transistors VT5 and VT6. They are tuned by stretching and compressing the turns of the inductors L7, L8, L9, as well as by rotating the rotors of the trimmer capacitors C23, C26, C27, while trying to get the maximum output voltage on the antenna equivalent connected to terminals 4 and 5 of the board. Then proceed to setting up the receiver board. Before applying voltage from the power source to the board, the local oscillator voltage is applied to pin 4 of the board using a communication loop. A voltage with a frequency of 144.6 MHz from a VHF generator is applied to pin 1 of the board (its amplitude should be about 50 mV and the deviation should be 5 kHz), modulated by a tone of 1 kHz. An oscilloscope is connected to pin 5 of the board. Having soldered the capacitor C9, an RF voltage with a frequency of 600 kHz, an amplitude of 150 mV and a deviation of 5 kHz is applied to the base of the transistor VT3. Adjust the circuits L14, C10, L15, C15 and L17, C20 to the maximum output voltage, while gradually reducing the input voltage. Then, having restored the connection of the capacitor C9, the UHF circuits L10, C2, L12, C6 and L13, C9 are tuned to a frequency of 144.6 MHz by rotating the rotors of the corresponding capacitors. Coil L11 achieves the absence of excitation of the UHF cascade. The sensitivity of the receiver from input 1 of the board must be at least 0.3 μV, while at output 5 of the board there must be a low-frequency voltage with a frequency of 1 kHz and an amplitude of at least 100 mV. This completes the setup of the receiver board. Since the radio station operates with a shift between the transmit frequency and the receive frequency of 600 kHz, the frequency of the quartz resonator of the second radio station, which will be paired with the first, needs to be slightly shifted up in any way known to the radio amateur. Let's calculate this frequency. Since the radio station uses the 18th harmonic of a quartz resonator with a frequency of 8 MHz, then: 144.6 MHz: 18-9.0333 MHz, therefore, the frequency of the quartz resonator should be shifted by 33.3 kHz or find a quartz resonator to this frequency. During the tests, the radio showed very good results. When working with the same type of radio station and using outdoor antennas of the "quarter-wave pin" type, installed at a low altitude, the connection was stable at a distance of up to 50 km. When installing radio stations on cars, communication was at a distance of up to 15 km. This radio can also be used to work through repeaters. For purchase of printed circuit board drawings, please contact the author.

American radio amateurs use the following calling frequencies for DXpeditions (in kHz):

• 1828.5,
• 3505,
• 7005,
• 7065,
• 10110,
• 14025,
• 14195,
• 18075,
• 18145,
• 21025,
• 21295,
• 24895,
• 24945,
• 28025,
• 28495.

Calling frequencies for QRP stations (in kHz):

• 1810,
• 3560,
• 10106,
• 14060,
• 14285,
• 21060,
• 21385,
• 28060,
• 28385.

In Europe and some other countries, the following frequencies (kHz) are recommended for SSB low power operation (QRP):

• 3690,
• 7090,
• 14285,
• 21285.

For telegraph (in kHz):

• 1843,
• 3560,
• 7030,
• 10106,
• 14060,
• 18096,
• 21060,
• 24906,
• 28060.

Frequencies for DXpeditions in Europe have not yet been agreed.

SSB-QRP round tables are held on 3620 kHz at 18:30 MEZ (MES).

Western hams that support the SOTA program use frequencies (kHz):

• 7030,
• 7060,
• 14060,
• 14285,
• 145575 (FM),
• 144285 (SSB),
• 430150,
• 430475 (FM),
• 432200 (SSB).

In Russia, fans of the RDA program (working “through a fraction”) can usually be found around a frequency of 14180 kHz ±QRM.

The frequencies for mountain expeditions under the RMA program are not exactly specified, so ham radio operators use the standard frequencies intended for DXpeditions and QRP, described above.

Frequencies in Moscow and the Moscow Region

MIA frequencies

148-149 MHz - 25 kHz step (NFM mode).

148.2250 and 148.9500 - the channel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on railway transport.

171-173 MHz - step 25 (NFM mode)

171.7250 and 171.7500 - duty unit of the Moscow police department.

171.7750 and 172.3250 - special channel of the Moscow police department.

172.3000 and 172.2750 - duty unit of the Moscow police department.

205.100 - frequency UGAI GUVD Moscow.

450-453 MHz - step 12.5 (NFM)

450.3000 450.3750 450.4750 450.5000 450.5705

450.6250 450.6500 450.6750

451.0500 451.1500

451.3000 451.4000

451.5250 and 451.5375 - scrambling.

452.4250 452.5875 452.6200

460-463 MHz - 12.5 step (NFM mode)

460.8000 and 461.4500 - scrambling.

461.0000 - special communication channel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

RF Ministry of Defense frequency bands:

• 254.000,
• 254.685,
• 380.000,
• 393.100.

FAPSI

• 148-149 (step 1) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio communications of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
• 149-149.9 (step 0.9) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 157.875 - FAPSI special purpose channel.
• 162.7625-163.2 (step 0.4375) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 168.5-171.15 (step 2.65) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 169.455 and 169.462 - FAPSI special purpose channels.
• 171.15-173 (step 1.85) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio communications of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
• 173-174 (step 1) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 273-300 (step 27) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 300-308 (step 8) - the radio frequency band is intended for fixed and mobile services. Separate sections in this band are used by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 308-328.6 (step 20.6) - the radio frequency band is intended for the primary use of radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 328.6-335.4 (step 6.8) - the radio frequency band is intended for the aeronautical radio navigation service and is mainly used by radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 335.4-336 (step 0.6) - the radio frequency band is intended for the primary use of radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 336-344 (step 8) - the radio frequency band is intended for the fixed and mobile services. Separate sections in this band are used by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.
• 344-390 (step 46) - the radio frequency band is intended for the primary use of radio electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

fire protection

All frequencies of the Moscow Fire Department:

• 148.050,
• 148.075,
• 148.125,
• 148.200.

Citizen Band

• 26.965-27.855 MHz (Europe)
• 26.960-27.850 MHz (Russia) - step 10 (NFM, AM, USB, LSB mode).
• 144-146 MHz - NFM USB CW DATA (25 kHz step for NFM).
• 145.025, 145.125, 145.625, 145.725 - repeater frequencies of the Moscow Radio Club.
• 146.100, 146.700 - amateur radio repeaters.
• 430-440 MHz - NFM USB CW DATA (for NFM step 25).

Part of the frequencies is occupied by trunk communication operators.

1260-1300 MHz (amateur 23 cm band). 240-250 GHz (ham radio 12 cm band). This is a European grid. For the Russian grid, respectively, the last digit is "0".

For example, 27.155MHz - C16E, 27.150MHz - C16R.

Of the useful channels (in relation to Moscow) - ZcE, 9cE, 19cE, 21dE.

These are emergency channels, there are dispatchers who report and receive messages about traffic jams and accidents. Information about road accidents and other emergencies is best transmitted in channels ZsE ("Petrovka") or 9sE (Rescue Service).

The 9cE channel is allocated for the transmission of traffic accidents and other emergencies only. If you register with the Scream service (Petrovka, ZcE) or the Rescue Service (19cE, 21dE, registration is free, but required), then the dispatcher can be asked to call by phone and send something or use it all as a pager (you can call control room and ask to transfer information for the person you need (of course, if he has a CB station).

The Polet-27 (9dE) service works similarly, only free of charge. And in other cases, it’s just your own connection, leaving the city, communication between cars, etc. There are channels occupied by a kind of interest clubs (to some extent, this is Polet-27, since it is organized by Association-27) and certain districts of Moscow.

Allowed channels (40 channels each in grids C and D) are fairly clogged, and additional grids are empty (A, B, E, F - if you really want to, you can work in them, everyone pretends that they don’t notice this violation)

VHF

Amateur VHF frequencies:

• 144-146 MHz - NFM USB CW DATA (for NFM step 25).
• 145.025, 145.625 inverse repeater (Dmitrov).
• 145.125, 144.525 repeater.
• 145,600, 145,000 Serpukhov repeater.
• 145.625, 145.025 repeater.
• 145.650, 145.050 repeater suspension at Moscow State University.
• 145.700, 145.100 Shchelkovo repeater.
• 145.725, 145.125 repeater Troitsk.
• 145.750, 145.150 Mitino repeater.
• 430-440 MHz - the same, part of the frequencies is sold to trunk operators.

Note. As a rule, the reception and transmission frequencies of amateur radio repeaters (repeaters) have a discrepancy relative to each other by 600 kHz. This parameter is also programmed by the manufacturer in the Kenwood TH-F7 transceiver.

Moreover, if the receive frequency of the repeater is 145.750, then its transmission frequency will be -600 kHz, that is, 145.150 MHz .. In inverse repeaters, everything is exactly the opposite.

The Kenwood TH-F7 transceiver also allows you to work with inverted repeaters; for this, the transceiver is reprogrammed from the keyboard so that the R indicator lights up on the display (see section 3.12).

Amateur radio satellite communications

Radio amateur satellite frequencies:

• 7000-7100 (step 100) - the radio frequency band is intended for the amateur and amateur satellite services.
• 14000-142 50 (step 250) - the radio frequency band is intended for amateur and amateur satellite services.
• 21000-21450 (step 450) - the radio frequency band is intended for the amateur and amateur satellite services.
• 28-29.7 MHz (step 1.7) - the radio frequency band is intended for the amateur and amateur satellite services.
• 1240.000 - the beginning of the 25 cm amateur radio band (up to 1300.000).
• 1300.000 - the end of the 25 cm amateur radio band (from 1240.000).
• 2310.000 - the beginning of the 12 cm amateur radio band (up to 2450.000).
• 2450.000 - the end of the amateur radio 12 cm range (from 2310.000).

HF

Amateur HF frequencies:

• 1.83-1.93 MHz (160 m).
• 3.5-3.8 MHz (80 m).
• 7-7.1 MHz (40 m).
• 10.1-10.15MHz (30m CW only).
• 14-14.35 MHz (20 m).
• 18.068-18.168 MHz (16m).
• 21-21.45 MHz (15 m).
• 24.89-24.99 MHz (12m).
• 28-29.7 MHz (10m).

When working with voice at frequencies below 10 MHz, LSB is used, above 10 MHz - USB. In AM, stations operate on 160 and 10 m. CW, SSB and digital communication (Packet Radio, SSTV, RTTY) are mainly used. FM stations can rarely be heard on only 10m.

LOW BAND radios

LOW BAND radios are used by radio amateurs, security guards, and various "outdoor" services.

• 30-36 MHz;
• 39-50 MHz;
• 36-42 MHz;
• 42-50 MHz;
• 136-162 MHz;
• 136-174 MHz;
• 146-174 MHz;
• 300-345 MHz;
• 403-433 MHz;
• 403-470 MHz;
• 438-470 MHz;
• 465-495 MHz;
• 490-520 MHz.

Some frequencies allocated for radiotelephones

For example, Panasonic radiotelephones operate at frequencies of 31-40 MHz.

All frequencies are known (the full list is from the author of the book), on which all modern radiotelephones operate. To tune the transceiver receiver to the frequency of the base or handset of the telephone, you need to know the model of the radiotelephone used.

Air Frequencies

Paging companies

In Moscow, paging companies work + in the range of 146-168 and 450-475 MHz in NFM mode.

Closed paging systems can work:

1. on subcarrier frequencies of radio stations and television;
2. in conventional paging companies, but messages are encoded during transmission;
3. at frequencies that are not typical for paging;
4. using transfer methods other than Pocsag.

Frequencies that do not belong to any of the known companies: 160.5500, 164.3500, 474.5000.

Cellular network Beeline (AMPS, DAMPS standard)

• 825-845 MHz -. mobile objects.
• 870-890 MHz - repeaters in NFM mode, step 30 (for AMPS, for D-AMPS - several channels per carrier).

MTS Cellular Network (Moscow Cellular Communications, NMT-450)

• 453-457.5 MHz - mobile objects.
• 463-467.5 MHz - repeaters.

Cellular network MTS (Mobile Telesystems, GSM-900)

NFM mode, step 25. Frequencies:

• 890-915 MHz - mobile objects.
• 935-965 MHz - repeaters.

Digital communications, multiple channels per carrier

Cellular network GSM-1800 (Beeline).

Frequencies: 1.8-1.9 GHz digital, multiple channels per carrier.

Cellular CDMA network (no data).

Trunk networks

There are a lot in Moscow, mainly from 140 to 470 MHz (with exceptions) NFM mode, 12.5 kHz step.

Frequency examples (MHz):

• 150 (150.450)
• 373-375
• 435-452
• 433-434 (433.45, 433.475 etc.)
• 477-478 (477.60, 477.61, 477.625, 477.65, 477.675, 477.70, etc.)
• 484 (484.86)
• 864-870 possibly MTK trunk.

RusAltai network (ASVT)

• 337-343 MHz - mobile objects.
• 368-388 MHz - repeaters.

NFM mode, step 25.

AMT network

NFM mode, step 12.5 or 25. Duplex and half duplex. Frequencies:

transmission/reception

• 300-308MHz/336-344MHz,
• 336-340MHz/346-350MHz.

INMARSAT satellite network

• 1626.5-1646.5 ascending beam from terminal stations.
• 1530-1545 downlink to terminal stations.

Other frequencies that are active on the air

• 30-50 MHz (Low band);
• 34.150 Moslift;
• 34.200 Mosvodoprovod;
• 34.875 Salute;
• 36.050 Regional water supply;
• 36.075 Control and measuring instruments;
• 36.325 Sewerage;
• 36.925 Moslift;
• 38.750, 39.800, 42.870, 44.350, 44.600 Military;
• 40.100, 44.800 Regional firemen;
• 41.700 Autobeeper;
• 41.800 Regional doctors 41.900 DEZ;
• 41.950 Depot;
• 42.150 Moskanalization;
• 42.250 Forestry;
• 43.125, 43.825 Reserve channels in case of war;
• 43.200 Mosenergo;
• 43.800, 44.750 Taxi;
• 46.200, 43.975, 44.500 APCs;
• 45.950 Moscow.

Frequencies of some service radio stations in St. Petersburg, and not only

List of frequencies permanently banned in Russia

495-505 kHz(step 10) - 500 kHz radio frequency is international distress and calling frequency for Morse radiotelegraphy.

Any emissions that may cause harmful interference to communications in the event of distress, accident, urgency or safety are prohibited on the following frequencies:

• 500 kHz
• 2174.5 kHz,
• 2182 kHz
• 2187.5 kHz,
• 4125 kHz,
• 4177.5 kHz,
• 4207.5 kHz,
• 6215 kHz,
• 6268 kHz,
• 6312 kHz,
• 8291 kHz,
• 8376.5 kHz,
• 8414.5 kHz,
• 12290 kHz,
• 12520 kHz,
• 12577 kHz,
• 16420 kHz,
• 16695 kHz,
• 16804.5 kHz,
• 121.5 MHz,
• 156.525 MHz,
• 156.8 MHz
• and in the frequency bands 406-406.1 MHz, 1544-1545 MHz and 1645.5-1646.5 MHz.

Any emissions on any other discrete frequency causing harmful interference to distress and safety communications are also prohibited.

2173.5-2190.5 (step 17) - radio frequency 2182 kHz (carrier) is also a call for radiotelephony.

This radio frequency can be used for search and rescue purposes for manned spacecraft. radio frequencies 2174.5 kHz, 4177.5 kHz, 6268 kHz, 8376.5 kHz, 12520 kHz and 16695 kHz are international frequencies intended exclusively for the exchange of information in case of distress and for ensuring safety at sea using narrow-band telegraphy equipment (direct printing).

radio frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 8114.5 kHz, 12577 kHz and 16804.5 kHz are international frequencies reserved exclusively for distress and navigational safety calls using digital selective calling equipment. Other transmissions in the specified frequency band are prohibited.

117.975-137 (step 19.025) - the radio frequency band is intended for preferential use aeronautical mobile service. Partial sections in this radio frequency band may be used by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service.

Airborne emergency radio frequency 121.5 MHz used by stations in the aeronautical mobile service operating in the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz for distress and safety radiotelephone communications.

121.5 MHz can also be used for these purposes by stations life-saving appliances and emergency beacons-indicators disaster sites, for the purpose of search and rescue of manned spacecraft. 121.45-121.55 MHz may be used by the mobile-satellite service to receive aboard satellite signals from emergency beacons transmitting signals at the radio frequency 121.5 MHz.

123.1 MHz is the auxiliary frequency for air emergency frequency 121.5 MG u and is intended for use by stations of the aeronautical mobile service, as well as other mobile and land stations participating in joint search and rescue operations.

Mobile stations in the maritime mobile service may communicate on these frequencies with stations in the aeronautical mobile service in case of distress and safety.

136-137 MHz can be used space operation service(Space-to-Earth), the space research service (Space-to-Earth) and the meteorological-satellite (Space-to-Earth) service on a secondary basis.

156.8 MHz is international distress frequency, security and calling in the maritime mobile service for radiotelephony. This radio frequency can be used for search and rescue of manned spacecraft.

406-406.1 (step 0.1) - the radio frequency band is intended exclusively for satellite emergency beacons- indicators of the place of distress (Earth-Space).

List of prohibited radio frequencies

• 500 kHz 40,000
• 1.544-1.545 MHz (hereinafter MHz) 40.100
• 1,645-1,646 40,200
• 2,040 40,500
• 2125-2135 41,800
• 2,145 42,000
• 2,147-2,153 42,450
• 2,173-2,190 42,750
• 2,380 43,150
• 2,498-2,502 43,750
• 2,850-3,155 44,300
• 3,400-3,500 44,400
• 3.900-3,950 44,600
• 4,125 44,700 4,175 44,800 4,177 44,900 4,188 45,100 4,207 45,125 4,210 45,200 4,430 45,300 4,650-4,750 45,350
• 4.995-5,005 45,400 5,410 45,600 5,480-5,730 45,700 6,215 45,800 6,268 46,425 6,282 46,475 6,312 46,550 6,314 46,600 6,525-6,765 46,650 8,195-8,416 46,700 8,815-9,040 46,775
• 9.995-10,100 46,825
• 11,175-11,400 46,875 12,230-12,575 46,956 13,200-13,360 47,075 14,957-14,967 47,125
• 14.990-15,900 47,375 16,360-16,800 47,575
• 17.900-18,030 47,825 18,055-18,065 47,975 18,780-18,900 48,075 19,680 74,600-75,400
• 19.990-20,010 121,500
• 21,850-21,870 121,716-121,784 21,924-22,000 130,133-130,201 22,376 139,174-139,242
• 24.990-25,010 156,525
• 26,100 156,800 33,825 243,000 36,650 300,20.

Literature: Kashkarov A.P. Electronic devices for coziness and comfort.