ICT: what is it? Technology and basic principles of use. The use of information and communication technologies in the educational process Simulation ict

A.N. Polezhaeva, teacher of computer science, KBOU "School of Distance Education"

USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS.

In modern society, information processes are one of the most important components of human life and society. The development of the global process of informatization of society leads to the formation of not only a new information environment for people, but also a new, informational way of life and professional activity.

Informatization is the most important mechanism for reforming the educational system, aimed at improving the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of education.

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process is an urgent problem of modern school education. Today, almost every teacher in any school discipline can prepare and conduct a lesson using ICT. A lesson using ICT is visual, colorful, informative, interactive, saves time for the teacher and the student, allows the student to work at his own pace, allows the teacher to work with the student in a differentiated and individual way, and makes it possible to quickly monitor and evaluate learning outcomes.

Information technology is usually considered in three aspects:

as a subject of study;

as a learning tool;

as a tool for automating educational activities.

When using ICT in the classroom, a number of opportunities open up for the teacher: the computer takes on the function of knowledge control, helps to save time in the lesson, richly illustrate the material, show difficult moments to understand in dynamics, repeat what caused difficulties, differentiate the lesson in accordance with individual characteristics of each student.

ICT can be used in the following ways: to prepare handouts; as a multimedia accompaniment of the lesson; computer testing, etc. Psychologists note that modern children perceive information on the screens of monitors, laptops, projectors, TVs much better than printed book information. Therefore, in the learning process, as a rule, students' interest in lessons using ICT increases.

When organizing a lesson using ICT, the following factors should be taken into account: the level of preparation of the class, the methodological purpose of the lesson, the type of lesson, the readiness of students for the type of educational activity, sanitary and hygienic requirements that regulate the possibility of using computers in the educational process, taking into account the age characteristics of students.

The process of introducing new information technologies into education has generally yielded positive results: the volume of educational resources on the Internet has increased, and the activity of teachers and schoolchildren in using the resources and capabilities of the Internet has increased.

When using Internet technologies, it becomes possible to:

develop skills in working with information;

to introduce students to a variety of ways of presenting material and visualizing thoughts;

learn to find information in various sources;

use automated search systems;

distinguish between the main and the secondary in the information; order, systematize;

develop students' critical thinking;

develop self-education skills;

create your own information prototypes and products.

A fairly wide projected range of application of Internet technologies in the educational process is formed:

work with browsers, search engines;

use of the mail program;

virtual communication;

participation in teleconferences, projects, competitions;

creation Web - sites, Web - portals;

creation of own projects and their placement on the Internet.

The computer telecommunications system is a living information environment in which all people have equal access to vast information resources. The modern school successfully uses the Internet in distance learning for teachers and students.

The following advantages of distance learning via the Internet can be distinguished:

the opportunity to study at a convenient time for yourself;

simultaneous appeal of a large number of students to many sources of learning, communication through networks with each other and with teachers;

the use in the educational process of modern information and telecommunication technologies that contribute to the advancement of a person in the global information space”;

social equality (equal opportunities for education for everyone);

encouraging autonomy in learning.

Like any distance learning medium, the Internet has its drawbacks:

limited technical capabilities and slow modems lead to delays in receiving and transmitting information; learning;

the success of training partly depends on the skills in managing a computer, working on the Internet.

But the use of ICT in teaching various subjects of the school course is impossible without a sufficient technical base, appropriate software and an Internet connection, and sufficient computer skills of the teacher himself.

The role of telecommunications is extraordinarily great in distance learning, with participation in distance competitions, olympiads, in the process of participation in which the productive cognitive activity of children takes place.

The educational process at the present stage should ensure the formation of a creative personality, ready for activity with wide dissemination and implementation of ICT in all areas of activity. Elements of distance learning (distance olympiads, competitions, courses, etc.) penetrate into the learning process and are increasingly being used. ICT tools are a tool that not only provides students with various knowledge in computer science, but also means that enhance the student's creative abilities, the ability to conduct research, and complete assignments - projects. Moreover, the possibility of telecommunications access to the world's information resources quite effectively influences the personal perception of the environment by students.

The independence of students when working on the Internet (search for information, implementation of projects, participation in distance competitions, olympiads) allows us to consider the global computer network of working with the Internet as a tool for cognition and self-development, which, in turn, contributes to the manifestation of the student's social activity.

The general information culture of society is inextricably linked with the effectiveness of the introduction of ICT in the processes of school education. The use of the Internet by a teacher poses a number of problems, the solution of which depends on the effective interaction of a number of subjects of science and practice: the creators of educational portals and training programs, methodologists and teachers for organizing educational activities in the information society.

The use of ICT is a powerful tool for creating optimal working conditions in the classroom, but it must be expedient and methodologically justified. ICT should be used only when this use gives an undeniable pedagogical effect and in no case should the use of a computer be considered a tribute to the times or turn it into a fashionable hobby.

Literature

1. Experience in the use of ICT in the educational process. -

The use of ICT technologies in the educational process in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Educational Establishments

Buzmakova Svetlana Vladimirovna, teacher of the MADOU "Kindergarten No. 88", Berezniki, Perm Territory
Description: the work will be of interest to teachers who use ICT technologies when organizing work in a preschool educational institution, the work contains a description of the experience of introducing ICT technologies, the paper outlines the problems and prospects for using ICT technologies in a preschool educational institution.
Target:
Creating conditions for increasing the level of ICT competence of teachers of preschool educational institutions for the successful implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Educational Establishments

Socio-economic changes in Russia have led to the need to modernize many social institutions, and primarily the education system. The new tasks set today for education are formulated and presented in the law "On Education of the Russian Federation" and the educational standard of the new generation.
Informatization of education in Russia is one of the most important mechanisms affecting all the main areas of modernization of the educational system. Its main task is the effective use of the following most important advantages of information and communication technologies:
- The possibility of organizing the process of cognition, supporting the activity approach to the educational process;
- Individualization of the educational process while maintaining its integrity;
- Creation of an effective management system for information and methodological support of education.
key directions the process of informatization of preschool educational institutions are:
1. Organizational:
- Modernization of methodical service;
- Improvement of the material and technical base;
- Creation of a certain information environment.
2. Pedagogical:
- Improving ICT - the competence of teachers of preschool educational institutions;
- Implementation of ICT in the educational space.
In accordance with the law "On Education in the Russian Federation", preschool education is one of the levels of general education. Therefore, the informatization of the kindergarten has become a necessary reality of modern society. The computerization of school education has a rather long history (about 20 years), but such a spread of the computer has not yet been observed in kindergarten. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine the work of a teacher (including a preschool teacher) without the use of information resources. The use of ICT makes it possible to enrich, qualitatively update the educational and educational process in preschool educational institutions and increase its efficiency.
What is ICT?
Information educational technologies are all technologies in the field of education that use special technical means (PC, multimedia) to achieve pedagogical goals.
Information and communication technologies in education (ICT) is a complex of educational and methodological materials, technical and instrumental means of computer technology in the educational process, forms and methods of their application to improve the activities of specialists in educational institutions (administration, educators, specialists), as well as for education (development, diagnosis, correction) of children.

Areas of application of ICT by teachers of preschool educational institutions

1.Records management.
In the process of educational activity, the teacher draws up and draws up calendar and long-term plans, prepares material for the design of the parent corner, conducts diagnostics and draws up the results both in printed and electronic form. Diagnosis should be considered not as a one-time conduct of the necessary studies, but also the maintenance of an individual diary of the child, in which various data about the child, test results are recorded, graphs are built and, in general, the dynamics of the child's development is monitored. Of course, this can be done without the use of computer technology, but the quality of design and time costs are not comparable.
An important aspect of the use of ICT is the preparation of a teacher for certification. Here you can consider both the preparation of documentation and the preparation of an electronic portfolio.
2. Methodological work, professional development of a teacher.
In the information society, network electronic resources are the most convenient, fast and modern way of disseminating new methodological ideas and didactic manuals, available to methodologists and teachers, regardless of their place of residence. Information and methodological support in the form of electronic resources can be used during the preparation of the teacher for classes, for the study of new methods, in the selection of visual aids for the lesson.
Network communities of teachers allow not only to find and use the necessary methodological developments, but also to post their materials, share pedagogical experience in preparing and holding events, using various methods and technologies.
The modern educational space requires the teacher to be especially flexible in preparing and conducting pedagogical events. Teachers need regular professional development. The possibility of fulfilling the modern requests of the teacher is also possible with the help of remote technologies. When choosing such courses, it is necessary to pay attention to the availability of a license, on the basis of which educational activities are carried out. Distance advanced training courses allow you to choose the direction of interest to the teacher and study without interrupting the main educational activity.
An important aspect of the teacher's work is participation in various pedagogical projects, distance competitions, quizzes, olympiads, which increases the level of self-esteem of both the teacher and pupils. Face-to-face participation in such events is often impossible due to the remoteness of the region, financial costs and other reasons. Remote participation is open to everyone. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of the resource, the number of registered users.
Undoubtedly, it is important to use ICT technologies for maintaining documentation and for more effective methodological work and for improving the teacher's qualifications, but the main thing in the work of a preschool teacher is to conduct an educational process.
3.Educational - educational process.
The educational process includes:
- organization of direct educational activities of the pupil,
- organization of joint developmental activities of the teacher and children,
- implementation of projects,
- creation of a developing environment (games, manuals, didactic materials).
Visual-figurative thinking prevails in preschool children. The main principle in organizing the activities of children of this age is the principle of visibility. The use of a variety of illustrative material, both static and dynamic, allows preschool teachers to quickly achieve their intended goal during direct educational activities and joint activities with children. The use of Internet - resources allows you to make the educational process informative, entertaining and comfortable.

Types of activities with ICT

1. Activity with multimedia support.
In such a lesson, only one computer is used as an "electronic board". At the preparation stage, electronic and information resources are analyzed, the necessary material for the lesson is selected. Sometimes it is very difficult to find the necessary materials to explain the topic of the lesson, so presentation materials are created using PowerPoint or other multimedia programs.
To conduct such classes, you need one personal computer (laptop), a multimedia projector, speakers, and a screen.
The use of multimedia presentations allows you to make the lesson emotionally colored, interesting, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good effectiveness of the lesson.
With the help of multimedia presentations, visual gymnastics complexes, exercises to relieve visual fatigue are learned with children.
Multimedia presentations make it possible to present educational and developmental material as a system of bright reference images filled with comprehensive structured information in an algorithmic manner. In this case, various channels of perception are involved, which makes it possible to store information not only in factographic, but also in associative form in the memory of children.
The purpose of such a presentation of developing and educational information is the formation of a system of mental images in children. The presentation of material in the form of a multimedia presentation reduces the time of learning, frees up the resources of children's health.
The use of multimedia presentations in the classroom makes it possible to build an educational process based on psychologically correct modes of functioning of attention, memory, mental activity, humanization of the content of education and pedagogical interactions, reconstruction of the learning and development process from the standpoint of integrity.
The basis of any modern presentation is to facilitate the process of visual perception and memorization of information with the help of vivid images. The forms and place of using the presentation in the lesson depend on the content of this lesson and the goal set by the teacher.
The use of computer slide presentations in the process of teaching children has the following advantages:
- Implementation of polysensory perception of the material;
- The possibility of demonstrating various objects with the help of a multimedia projector and a projection screen in a multiply enlarged form;
- Combining audio, video - and animation effects into a single presentation helps to compensate for the amount of information received by children from educational literature;
- Possibility of demonstrating objects that are more accessible for perception to a safe sensory system;
- Activation of visual functions, visual capabilities of the child;
- Computer presentation slide - films are convenient to use for displaying information in the form of printouts in large print on a printer as a handout for classes with preschoolers.
The use of multimedia presentations makes it possible to make the lessons emotionally colored, attractive, arouse a keen interest in the child, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good effectiveness of the lesson. For example, the use of presentations in classes in mathematics, music, familiarization with the outside world ensures the activity of children when examining, examining and visually highlighting the signs and properties of objects, forms ways of visual perception, examination, highlighting qualitative, quantitative and spatio-temporal signs in the objective world. and properties, visual attention and visual memory develop.
2. Work with computer support
Most often, such classes are conducted using gaming training programs.
In such a lesson, several computers are used, for which several pupils work at the same time. The use of an electronic textbook (and a playful educational game for children is an electronic textbook) is a method of programmed learning, the founder of which is Skinner. Working with an electronic textbook, the child independently studies the material, performs the necessary tasks, and then passes a competence test on this topic.
The capabilities of the computer allow you to increase the amount of material offered for review. A bright luminous screen attracts attention, makes it possible to switch children's audio perception to visual, animated characters arouse interest, as a result, tension is relieved. But today, unfortunately, there is an insufficient number of good computer programs that are designed for children of this age.
Experts identify a number of requirements that developmental programs for children must satisfy:
- research nature,
- ease for independent studies of the child,
- development of a wide range of skills and perceptions,
- high technical level,
- age match,
- entertainment.
Types of educational programs for preschool children
1. Games for the development of memory, imagination, thinking, etc.
2. "Talking" dictionaries of foreign languages with good animation.
3. ART studios, the simplest graphic editors with libraries of drawings.
4. Games-travelling, "rpg".
5. The simplest programs for teaching reading, mathematics, etc.
The use of such programs allows not only to enrich knowledge, to use a computer for a more complete acquaintance with objects and phenomena that are outside the child's own experience, but also to increase the child's creativity; the ability to operate with symbols on the monitor screen helps to optimize the transition from visual-figurative to abstract thinking; the use of creative and directing games creates additional motivation in the formation of educational activities; individual work with a computer increases the number of situations that a child can solve independently.
When organizing classes of this type, it is necessary to have a stationary or mobile computer class that meets the standards of SANPiN, licensed software.
Today, many kindergartens are equipped with computer classes. But still missing:
- Methods of using ICT in the educational process of preschool educational institutions;
- Systematization of computer developing programs;
- Unified programmatic and methodological requirements for computer classes.
To date, this is the only type of activity that is not regulated by a special educational program. Teachers have to independently study the approach and implement it in their activities.
The use of ICT does not provide for teaching children the basics of computer science and computer technology.
An important rule in the organization of such classes is the frequency of their conduct. Classes should be held 1-2 times a week, depending on the age of the children, 10-15 minutes of direct activity at the PC.
3.Diagnostic exercise.
To conduct such classes, special programs are required, which is rare, or does not exist at all in some general education programs. But the development of such computer programs is a matter of time. With the help of application software tools, you can develop test tasks and use them for diagnostics. In the process of conducting traditional diagnostic classes, the teacher needs to fix the level of problem solving by each child according to certain indicators. The use of special computer programs will not only facilitate the work of the teacher and reduce time costs (use several computers at the same time), but will also save the diagnostic results, considering them in dynamics.
Thus, unlike conventional technical means of education, information and communication technologies allow not only to saturate the child with a large amount of ready-made, strictly selected, properly organized knowledge, but also to develop intellectual, creative abilities, and, which is very important in early childhood, the ability to independently acquire new knowledge.
The use of computers in educational and extracurricular activities looks very natural from the point of view of the child and is one of the effective ways to increase motivation and individualize learning, develop creative abilities and create a favorable emotional background. Modern research in the field of preschool pedagogy K.N. Motorina, S.P. Pervina, M.A. Cold, S.A. Shapkina and others testify to the possibility of mastering a computer by children aged 3-6 years. As you know, this period coincides with the moment of intensive development of the child's thinking, preparing the transition from visual-figurative to abstract-logical thinking.
The introduction of information technology has Benefits over traditional teaching aids:
1. ICT makes it possible to expand the use of e-learning tools, as they transmit information faster;
2. Movement, sound, animation attracts the attention of children for a long time and helps to increase their interest in the material being studied. The high dynamics of the lesson contributes to the effective assimilation of the material, the development of memory, imagination, and creativity of children;
3. Provides visibility, which contributes to the perception and better memorization of the material, which is very important, given the visual-figurative thinking of preschool children. This includes three types of memory: visual, auditory, motor;
4. Slideshow and video clips allow you to show those moments from the outside world, the observation of which causes difficulties: for example, the growth of a flower, the rotation of the planets around the Sun, the movement of waves, it is raining;
5. You can also simulate such life situations that cannot or are difficult to show and see in everyday life (for example, the reproduction of sounds of nature; the work of transport, etc.);
6. The use of information technology encourages children to search for research activities, including searching on the Internet on their own or together with their parents;
7. ICT is an additional opportunity to work with children with disabilities.
With all the invariable advantages of using ICT in preschool education, the following Problems:
1. The material base of the preschool educational institution.
As noted above, to organize classes, you must have a minimum set of equipment: a PC, a projector, speakers, a screen or a mobile class. Not all kindergartens today can afford the creation of such classes.
2. Protecting the health of the child.
Recognizing that the computer is a powerful new tool for the development of children, it is necessary to remember the commandment "DO NO HARM!". The use of ICT in preschool institutions requires careful organization of both the classes themselves and the whole regimen in accordance with the age of the children and the requirements of the Sanitary Rules.
During the operation of computers and interactive equipment, specific conditions are created in the room: humidity decreases, air temperature rises, the amount of heavy ions increases, and electrostatic voltage increases in the area of children's hands. The intensity of the electrostatic field increases when the cabinet is finished with polymeric materials. The floor must be anti-static, and carpets and rugs are not allowed.
To maintain an optimal microclimate, prevent the accumulation of static electricity and the deterioration of the chemical and ionic composition of the air, it is necessary: airing the office before and after classes, wet cleaning before and after classes. Classes with older preschoolers are held once a week in subgroups. In his work, the teacher must necessarily use sets of exercises for the eyes.
3. Insufficient ICT - the competence of the teacher.
The teacher should not only have a perfect knowledge of the content of all computer programs, their operational characteristics, the user interface of each program (the specifics of the technical rules of action with each of them), but also understand the technical characteristics of the equipment, be able to work in the main application programs, multimedia programs and the network Internet.
If the DOW team manages to solve these problems, then ICT technologies will become a great helper.
The use of information technology will help the teacher to increase the motivation for teaching children and will lead to a number of positive consequences:
- enrichment of children with knowledge in their figurative-conceptual integrity and emotional coloring;
- facilitating the process of assimilation of the material by preschoolers;
- excitation of a lively interest in the subject of knowledge;
- expanding the general horizons of children;
- increasing the level of use of visualization in the classroom;
- Increasing the productivity of the teacher.
There is no doubt that in modern education the computer does not solve all the problems, it remains just a multifunctional technical teaching aid. No less important are modern pedagogical technologies and innovations in the learning process, which allow not only to “invest” in each child a certain amount of knowledge, but, first of all, to create conditions for the manifestation of his cognitive activity. Information technologies, in conjunction with properly selected (or designed) learning technologies, create the necessary level of quality, variability, differentiation and individualization of education and upbringing.
So, the use of information technology tools will make the process of learning and development of children quite simple and effective, free from routine manual work, and open up new opportunities for early education.
The informatization of education opens up new opportunities for teachers to widely introduce new methodological developments into pedagogical practice aimed at intensifying and implementing innovative ideas of educational, educational and correctional processes. Recently, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been a good assistant to teachers in organizing educational and correctional work.
Unlike conventional technical teaching aids, information and communication technologies allow not only to saturate the child with a large amount of ready-made, strictly selected, properly organized knowledge, but also to develop intellectual, creative abilities, and, which is very important in preschool childhood, the ability to independently acquire new knowledge.
The use of information technology in education makes it possible to significantly enrich, qualitatively update the educational process in preschool educational institutions and increase its efficiency.

At present, whether we like it or not, we all live in an information society. At the same time, those opportunities that are now opening up are used very poorly. Our task is to “deploy” the information society to meet the needs that people who live in our country have. First of all, among young people receiving education, scientists, researchers, teachers, educators. We must teach people from childhood and at all stages of the educational process not to be afraid of this information, teach them how to use it, work with it and properly dispose of it.

Informatization of education and science is part of a global process. Information and communication technologies are recognized throughout the world as the key technologies of the 21st century, which for the coming decades will be the key to the economic growth of the state and the main engine of scientific and technological progress.

In early 2009, the Kremlin hosted the first meeting of the Council for the Development of the Information Society under the President of Russia. The decree on its creation was signed in November 2008. Opening the meeting, Dmitry Medvedev stressed that no progress and modernization are possible without IT: "this applies to the scientific and technical sphere, and to the issues of management itself, and even to issues of strengthening democracy in the country." Speaking about the development of information technologies in the social sphere, Medvedev D.A. emphasized his own: “... it is very important to learn how to use all the new technologies. This is the number one task not only for students, but also for teachers – all retraining should be focused on the use of modern technologies.”

What can be projects based on ICT

Distance learning;
Virtual communication;
Network economy and education;
Wide opportunities for self-education;
Lots of easily accessible information.

The Russian education system faces a number of important problems, among which are:

the need to improve the quality and ensure equal opportunities for access to educational resources and services for all categories of citizens, regardless of their place of residence, ethnicity and religious beliefs;
creation of an information environment that satisfies the needs of all sectors of society in obtaining a wide range of educational services, as well as the formation of mechanisms and necessary conditions for the introduction of information technology achievements into everyday educational and scientific practice;
mass introduction of ICT in the field of education and science, the use of new educational content and new educational technologies, including distance education technologies.

The prerequisites for the development and implementation of information and communication technologies in the field of education and science are:

The Federal Target Program "Development of a Unified Educational Information Environment", the most important result of which was a breakthrough in equipping educational institutions with computers, as well as the launch and development of regional education informatization programs;
The project "Informatization of the education system", the main goal of which was to create conditions for supporting the systemic implementation and active use of information and communication technologies in the work of educational institutions;
Priority national project "Education", the implementation of activities of which was aimed at ensuring accessibility, creating equal conditions for obtaining education, including by providing access for all schools to global information resources posted on the Internet;
On the basis of the priority directions for the development of the educational system of the Russian Federation, in 2006, the implementation of the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2006-2010 (FTsPRO) began, which is a set of activities interconnected in terms of resources and timing, covering changes in the structure, content and technologies of education, including including the large-scale use in the Russian Federation of information and communication technologies for all levels of education. As part of the program, new electronic educational content was developed, and a specialized Federal Center for Information Educational Resources (FCIOR) was put into commercial operation.

On the website of the Federal Center for Information and Educational Resources, you can already download more than 10,000 new-generation EERs.

DER - digital educational resource

Digital educational resources (DER) refers to any educational information stored on digital media.

CORs are divided into two groups:

information sources, which refers to the whole set of different materials in digital format used in educational work - texts, static and dynamic images, animation models, etc.
information tools that provide work with information sources.

Functional focus:

illustrative function;
research function;
training function;
control function.

EERs are a self-sufficient educational product, they are able to teach the student themselves. This is no longer just a set of pictures or an audio recording that needs a teacher's explanation. EORs also have a voice-over, but he explains the sequence of actions and, most importantly, points out the mistakes made during the task.

Educational materials of a new generation, developed in the project "Informatization of the education system"

Within the framework of the project “Informatization of the education system”, implemented by the National Foundation for Personnel Training on the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, educational materials of a new generation are being developed.

Educational materials of a new generation are designed to orient teachers to the use of modern teaching methods and educational technologies that fundamentally change the educational environment, to the active use of ICT in the educational process. Competence-based approach is the basis for the development of new teaching aids.

IKtechnologies in teaching English

second life
(Second life) - a world that you create yourself or your students, fill with seas, forests, cities and villages, real people (and contact them via Skype or email) or fictional ones. There you have houses and libraries, video halls and restaurants, the opportunity to work and travel. Tempting, isn't it? Learn how to create and use it in teaching English.

Skype

With this program you can talk to millions of people around the world absolutely free! First download the latest version of Skype, then install it by selecting the Russian version in the settings. And that's it, learn English by talking to native speakers.

Blogs

A blog is a network diary of one or more authors, consisting of entries in reverse chronological order, or in other words, it is a site in the form of a journal, sorted by date.

The word comes from the English weblog - "web magazine".

Blogs are sites built on the principle of chronological diaries with simple and convenient administration tools that do not require special knowledge and are available to everyone.

Wiki

A wiki is a collection of related records. (Ward Cunningham, the creator of the technology, called the application a medium for fast hypertext interaction.) WikiWiki implements a radical model of collective hypertext, when the ability to create and edit any record is presented to each member of the network community...

Hot Potatoes is a universal shell program that allows teachers to create interactive training and control exercises in HTML format on their own, without the help of programmers. The program is widely used around the world to create assignments in various languages in various disciplines.
Exercises are created using 5 program blocks (each block can be considered as an independent program):

JQuiz - Quiz - multiple choice questions (4 types of tasks). The teacher has the opportunity to put comments on all the answer options in the exercise.
JCloze - Fill in the blanks. Students can ask for a hint and see the first letters of the missing word. There is also automatic scoring. You can “skip” certain words, or you can, for example, every fifth.
JMatch - Matching (3 types of tasks).
JCross - Crossword.
JMix - Sequence Recovery.

New information technologies and

In recent years, universities around the world have paid attention to the possibility of using computer telecommunication technologies to organize distance learning. Computer telecommunications provide effective feedback, which is provided both in the organization of educational material and communication with the teacher who teaches this course. Such learning at a distance has received in recent years the name of distance learning, in contrast to the distance learning familiar to everyone.

This problem is especially relevant for Russia, with its vast territories and the concentration of scientific centers in large cities. Currently, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation is concerned about the creation of a unified educational telecommunications network. The problem of continuous education, professional reorientation is relevant today as never before, and its importance will increase over the years

The Internet portal of the School of Distance Education of Moscow State University was created as part of the project Formation of the system of innovative education at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov in 2007.

Tatyana Yakshimbetova
Information and communication technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions

One of the priority areas informatization process modern society is informatization of education - the process of providing education methodology and practice for the development and optimal use of modern information technologies, focused on the implementation of the psychological and pedagogical goals of training, education. System education makes new demands on the upbringing and education of the younger generation, the introduction of new approaches that should not contribute to the replacement of traditional methods, but to expand their capabilities.

Informatization of preschool education is a complex, multifaceted, resource-intensive process, in which both children, and teachers, and the administration of the preschool educational institution participate.

This and the creation of a single information educational space preschool educational institution; and use information technologies in the educational process; and development of integrated classes; and project activities; and active use of the Internet in education.

Informatization of preschool education opens up new opportunities for teachers for the widespread introduction into pedagogical practice of new methodological developments aimed at intensifying and implementing innovative ideas of educational educational process.

Application information and communication technologies in preschool education is becoming more and more relevant, as it allows multimedia, in the most accessible and attractive, playful form, to achieve a new quality of knowledge, develops the logical thinking of children, enhances the creative component of educational work, contributing as much as possible to improving the quality education among preschoolers.

The use of ICT does not provide for teaching children the basics informatics and computer engineering. This before Total:

transformation subject-developing environment

Expanding the possibility of knowing the world around

Using the new visibility

Use of ICT in preschool

as an OOP maintainer

as a means of interactive learning

Development of a system with the inclusion of ICT

as a means of interaction with society

as a means of interaction with the families of pupils

Activities

Work with children

Working with parents

Work on self-education

Importance of using ICT

Unlike conventional technical means of education information and communication technologies allow not only to saturate the child with a large number of ready-made, strictly selected corresponding way organized knowledge, but also to develop intellectual, creative abilities, and what is very important in early childhood - the ability to independently acquire new knowledge. For today Information Technology significantly expand the opportunities of parents, educators and professionals in the field of early learning. The possibilities of using a modern computer make it possible to most fully and successfully realize the development of a child's abilities.

Ever since the first time a child sat down at a computer monitor, there has been a debate about the benefits and harms of early teaching children games according to certain rules and basics of computer literacy.

Arguments "per"

provide a person-centered approach

contributes to the intellectual growth of the child;

early development of the so-called "sign function of consciousness";

voluntary memory and attention are improved;

cognitive motivation is formed;

motor coordination and coordination of the joint activity of the visual and motor analyzers.

ability to independently acquire new knowledge

development of voluntary motor skills of the fingers

Arguments "against"

exposure to electromagnetic radiation of the monitor;

sitting position for a long time;

and as a result of this - the appearance of fatigue,

neuro-emotional stress

Applications of ICT for development preschoolers:

1. Using the global Internet

Contemporary education it is difficult to imagine without the resources of the Internet. The Internet has enormous potential educational services. E-mail, search engines, electronic conferences are becoming an integral part of the modern education. On the Internet you can find information on problems of early education and development, about innovative schools and kindergartens, foreign institutes of early development, to establish contacts with leading experts in the field education. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a massive introduction of the Internet not only in school, but also in preschool. education. The number is increasing information resources in all areas of education and development of children.

The use of Internet resources allows you to make educational process for preschoolers is informative, spectacular, comfortable. informational- methodological support in the form of electronic resources can be used during the preparation of the teacher for classes, for example, to study new methods, when selecting visual aids for GCD

2. Using a computer to keep records

A computer can provide an invaluable service to educators and “advanced” parents in compiling all kinds of action plans with the help of organizer programs, keeping an individual diary of a child, recording various data about him, test results, building graphs, and generally monitoring the dynamics of a child’s development. This can be done manually, but the time costs are not comparable.

3. Use of developing computer programs

The computer can enter a child's life through play. The game is one of the forms of practical thinking. In the game, the child operates with his knowledge, experience, impression, displayed in the social form of game modes of action, game signs that acquire significance in the semantic field of games. The child discovers the ability to endow neutral (up to a certain level) object as a game value in the semantic field of the game. It is this ability that is the main psychological basis for introducing a computer into the game of a preschooler as a game tool.

Benefits of using computer:

presentation information on the computer screen in a playful way is of great interest to children;

carries figurative type of information understandable to preschoolers;

movements, sound, animation attracts the attention of the child for a long time;

allows you to simulate such life situations that cannot be seen in everyday life

problematic tasks, encouraging the child with their correct solution by the computer itself are a stimulus for the cognitive activity of children;

in process by his activities at the computer, the preschooler gains self-confidence, that he can do a lot;

4. Use of multimedia presentations

The most effective form of organizing work with a computer in kindergarten is to conduct media classes using multimedia presentations.

Multimedia presentations, which are built taking into account the age characteristics of preschoolers, with the inclusion of entertaining questions, games, colorful animated slides, are excellent helpers in conducting GCD. They make it possible to optimize the pedagogical process, individualize the education of children with different levels of cognitive development and significantly increase the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical activities.

Multimedia presentations are a convenient and effective way to present information using computer programs. It combines dynamics, sound and image, i.e., those factors that hold the child's attention for the longest time.

The basis of any modern presentation is relief. process visual perception and memory information through vivid images. Forms and place of use of the presentation (or even its individual slide) in the lesson depend, of course, on the content of this lesson and the goal set by the teacher.

The use of computer slide presentations in process teaching children has the following dignity:

the implementation of polysensory perception of the material; - the possibility of demonstrating various objects using a multimedia projector and a projection screen in a multiply enlarged form;

combining audio, video and animation effects into a single presentation helps to compensate for the volume information received by children from educational literature;

the possibility of demonstrating objects that are more accessible for perception to a intact sensory system;

activation of visual functions, visual abilities of the child; - computer presentation slide films are convenient to use for output information in the form of printouts in large print on a printer as a handout for classes with preschoolers.

Each presentation can include not only slides with pictures and text, but also clips, recordings of the speech of the teacher conducting GCD, cartoons, etc.

The use of new unusual methods of explanation and consolidation, especially in a playful way, increases the involuntary attention of children, helps to develop arbitrary. Due to the high dynamics, the material is effectively assimilated, memory is trained, vocabulary is actively replenished, and imagination and creativity.

Mastering the skills of creating presentations, the teacher gradually enters the world of modern technologies. It is also possible to completely build the course directly - educational activities on the slide, which saves time, facilitates the use of material for the development of verbal-logical thinking, like crosswords or puzzles.

Modern society - Information society, developing on the basis of the use of new information technologies

So way, informatization of education opens up new ways and means of pedagogical work for educators.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the use of computer technologies in the activities of the teacher, the preschool educational institution allows you to introduce innovative processes in preschool education to improve all levels of management in the field of education expanding access to information resources, helps develop computer skills and increase creativity and imagination.

Developed by: -deputy director for water management,

-teacher of history, municipal educational institution "Gorodischenskaya secondary school No. 3"

Information and communication technologies

Under information technology is understood as a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain information of a new quality about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (information product).

In recent years, the term "Information Technology" often used as a synonym for the term "Computer techologies", since all information technologies are now somehow connected with the use of a computer. However, the term "information technology" is much broader and includes "computer technology" as a component. At the same time, information technologies based on the use of modern computer and network tools form the term "modern information and communication technologies".

The means of modern information and communication technologies include:

Computers, personal computers, sets of terminal equipment for computers of all classes, local area networks, information input-output devices, means of input and manipulation of textual and graphic information, means of archival storage of large amounts of information and other peripheral equipment of modern computers;

Devices for converting data from a graphic or sound form of data presentation to digital and vice versa;

Means and devices for manipulating audiovisual information (based on Multimedia and "Virtual Reality" technologies);

Artificial intelligence systems;

Computer graphics systems, software systems (programming languages, translators, compilers, operating systems, application software packages, etc.), etc.;

Modern means of communication that provide information interaction of users both at the local level (for example, within one organization or several organizations) and globally (within the global information environment).

So far, it has been mainly about computer technology and gradually personal computers began to be used in the educational process of schools. Therefore, let's talk about information technology related to the use of a personal computer.

Modern pedagogical technology implies the availability of means and methods of informatization, such as:

collection system,

processing, storage,

Search for information through a certain type of technology;

A set of software tools;

Accordingly, instructions and evaluation of the effectiveness of their application.

How can a teacher use a personal computer in his work?

https://pandia.ru/text/78/244/images/image009_44.gif" width="194" height="65">

Visually - demonstration Simulator Knowledge control

https://pandia.ru/text/78/244/images/image016_31.gif" width="249" height="64">

Search for information Messages in the form of a presentation Electronic textbook

Programpowerpoint allows any teacher who has the skills to work in one of the Microsoft Office programs to become a developer of their own software product in their subject. On the Internet, you can find ready-made presentations on various courses and topics. The authors of these works are teachers-practitioners. Naturally, each teacher sees the lesson in his own way, so he wants to change something in the finished versions. This is easy to do with this program. Ready-made development is easily modified for specific lesson options. The teacher can add or skip slides, fill them with other content (replace text, picture, diagram), use traditional working methods.

Unlike traditional types of visualization, a presentation lesson allows the teacher to focus on the lesson as much as possible, since the program control is reduced to a simple click on the left mouse button.

The presentation consists of illustrative material, factual information in the form of plain text, tables, reference diagrams and graphs (which in itself teaches students to process information correctly), practical tasks, tests, problematic questions, etc. The presence of these tasks shows that that such presentations are by no means limited to passive “looking at pictures”. But, prepared in advance, they, first of all, free up the teacher's time and, secondly, make the task of children easier, since most of them, as we know, are visual in terms of perception of information.

Modern schoolchildren have the opportunity to use the information field of the Internet to acquire additional knowledge and work independently to form their knowledge, skills and abilities. Information and methodological complexes have been created where you can get any scientific information of interest to students, use electronic textbooks, an electronic library, reference books, lectures, abstracts, creative works of both teachers and students. Upon request, receive tests and texts of control works for self-examination, receive advice on any academic subject.

A promising complex model "Informatization and the School of the Future" as a system of socio-pedagogical models of school development within the framework of the concept "School and family: partnership in educating a citizen"

Over the past 5 years of the implementation of federal and regional programs of informatization of education, there has been a transition from the computerization of the school to the formation of a single information educational space of the school.
The school today shows the need to equip teachers, librarians, methodologists, managers, administrators with automated workstations.

For each workstation, it is necessary to provide complete set of additional digital equipment in accordance with the various subject areas of the subject teacher and specialized software for their use.

Of particular interest is the use of an interactive whiteboard in the learning process, a document camera. The large screen allows you to demonstrate drawings, diagrams, graphics with multimedia capabilities, show video clips, popular science and feature films.

A modern student should be trained in such a way as to acquire the following information and communication skills:

1. present in a notebook and on a computer screen the same information about an object in various ways: in the form of text, drawing, table, numbers;

2. encode information in various ways and decode it using the code matching table;

3. work with texts and images (information objects) on a computer screen;

4. search, perform simple transformations, store, use and transfer information and data using the table of contents, indexes, directories, notebooks, the Internet.

5. use information technology tools: radio, telephone, tape recorder, computer;

6. name and describe various tools used by a person in counting and processing information (tally sticks, abacus, abacus, calculator and computer) and be able to describe them;

7. use a computer to solve educational and practical problems. To do this, have basic computer skills, be able to perform simple operations with files (create, save, search, run a program); run the simplest, widely used application programs: text and graphics editors, simulators and tests;

8. create elementary projects using a computer.

Currently, there is a constant increase in the minimum amount of knowledge required by the student. In this regard, an urgent problem is the replacement of the information-reproductive approach in the education system with new information technologies. In your work, along with traditional teaching methods, you can use the training system Moodle (Moodus) in the computer network of the class, which allows organizing independent work of students at a new level.

To organize such support, the course "Informatics" was created in the Internet environment based on interactive textbooks, e-books, tests, surveys, forums, etc.

The creation and maintenance of such a course is based on the freely distributed system for building educational content Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment).

This software product is built in accordance with the standards of information training systems.